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Query: UMLS:C0221168 (podagra)
 60 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the classic location of gouty tophi is the great toe (podagra), gouty tophi of the ear also is common and is worth including in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with ear lesions. Other entities presenting as papules or nodules on the ear include chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH), actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, verruca vulgaris, amyloids, rheumatoid nodules, and elastotic nodules. If tophaceous gout is suspected, alcohol fixation of the biopsy specimen is preferable, as it enables visualization of characteristic needle-shaped urate crystals.
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PMID:Gouty tophi on the ear: a review. 2419 91

Gout is a very old disease, which exists for thousands of years. The first descriptions interpreted as the symptoms of gout can be found already in the Egyptian medical papyri dating to the 3rd mill. BC. In the Ancient world, many physicians dealt with the causes, diagnostics and the treatments of gout, such as Hippocrates of Cos, Diocles of Carystus or Claudios Galenos. A personified gout (as the goddess Podagra) is also to be found in the Ancient mythology and culture. Several human remnants of the people suffering from gout are preserved from the Antiquity as well.
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PMID:[Gout and its manifestations, description and treatment in ancient times]. 2635 63

This study aims to address questions regarding the translation of 'gout' into 'tongfeng ()' in East Asia. To this end, the formation process of the origins, 'gout' from Western medicine and 'tongfeng' from Oriental medicine, and the translational process were investigated through the relevant records and literature dating from the 16th century on. Symptoms associated with gout were originally mentioned in ancient Egypt and various terminologies were used to refer to gout, such as podagra, cheiragra and gonogra. The word 'gout', which is derived from Latin, was used for the first time in the 13th century. The reason for this linguistic alteration is thought to be the need for a comprehensive term to cover the various terms for gout in symptomatic body parts, since it can occur concurrently in many joints. However, it took hundreds of years before gout was independently established as a medical term. In oriental medicine, terms describing diseases with features similar to gout include bibing (), lijiefeng (), baihufeng () and tongfeng (). Among them, the concept of 'tongfeng' has been established since the Jin and Yuan dynasties. The cause, prevention and various treatments for tongfeng were proposed throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties. The early translation of gout and tongfeng in East Asia, respectively, is estimated to have occurred in the 18th century. The first literature translating gout in China was 'An English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect (yinghua yunfu lijie, )'. From the publication of this book until the late 19th century, gout was translated into an unfamiliar Chinese character 'Jiu feng jiao ()', likely because the translation was done mostly by foreign missionaries at the time, and they created a new word on the basis of Western medicine instead of researching and translating similar diseases in oriental medicine. In Japan, the first book translating gout was 'A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language (Eiwa taiyaku shuchin jisho, )', Japan's the first English-Japanese translation dictionary. In this book, gout was translated into tongfeng, a word adopted from oriental medicine. These differences from China are thought to be caused by Rangaku doctors (), who, influenced by oriental medicine in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, played an important role in translating medical terminology at that time.
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PMID:[Historical Study of the Etymological Form and Translational Process of Gout (Tongfeng,)]. 2639 96

The signs which one ordinarily associates with gout, such as subcutaneous nodules, podagra, arthritis, and elevation of blood uric acid level, do not necessarily make for a diagnosis of that condition, as Dr Talbott and his associates explain. Gout is still frequently misdiagnosed, in spite of renewed interest in it, because of ignorance of its many facets, which are described in this symposium. One of the most important of these may be the "gouty diathesis" which appears to be associated with significant disease, particularly coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Introduction. 2745 15

Gout is the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis and affects 2.5% of the general population in the UK. It is also the only arthritis that has the potential to be cured with safe, inexpensive and well tolerated urate-lowering treatments, which reduce serum uric acid by either inhibiting xanthine oxidase - eg allopurinol, febuxostat - or by increasing the renal excretion of uric acid. Of these, xanthine oxidase inhibitors are used first line and are effective in 'curing' gout in the vast majority of patients. Gout can be diagnosed on clinical grounds in those with typical podagra. However, in those with involvement of other joints, joint aspiration is recommended to demonstrate monosodium urate crystals and exclude other causes of acute arthritis, such as septic arthritis. However, a clinical diagnosis of gout can be made if joint aspiration is not feasible. This review summarises the current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of gout.
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PMID:Gout - a guide for the general and acute physicians. 2814 82

The plants of the Colchicum family were known during the archaic period in Greece for their deleterious properties. Later on, they were used for the treatment of podagra. The treatment was introduced by the ancient Greek physicians and passed on to the Byzantine and Arabian physicians to endure until nowadays. The first plant was most probably named "Medea" from the notorious Colchican witch. As the most common member of the family blossoms in autumn, the plant was named Colchicum autumnale. Various nominations were also used, such as Ephemeron, Hermodactyl, Anima articulorum and Surugen. Our article discusses them, while at the same time presents the most notable authorities who have used Colchicum plants in herbal medicine and toxicology.
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PMID:Colchicum Genus in the Writings of Ancient Greek and Byzantine Physicians. 2933 50

The current study deals with the representation of gout in Bohemian humanist literature and its impact on the cultural definitions of being a humanist scholar from the 1550s to the 1620s. Bohemian humanists produced a number of brief autobiographical remarks and lengthy Latin poems dealing with gout or its personified form, podagra. After analysing Bohemian medical treatises, the author focuses on the gout-related imagery from a gender perspective. The main section of the study deals with how the disease was gendered on the level of argument and figurative speech, how its/her body and the relationships to humanist poets were described, which features were related to its/her victims and what this imagery could mean for the ways in which humanists fashioned themselves in their correspondence or casual poetry. Last but not least, the author demonstrates how gout-related imagery intermingled with social elitist discourses which enabled the articulation of the social superiority of humanist scholars and posed a challenge to the period's social hierarchies.
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PMID:"The tempting girl, I know so well": Representations of Gout and the Self-Fashioning of Bohemian Humanist Scholars. 2972 30

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to compare ultrasound (US) tophus and monosodium urate (MSU) deposit detection and US tophus size in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) 1 joint with dual-energy CT (DECT) using two DECT postprocessing protocols in patients presenting with podagra. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Seventy-five consecutive patients with podagra (66 men and nine women; mean age, 65.6 years; age range, 33-88 years) and 75 control subjects with MTP 1 joint osteoarthritis (49 men and 26 women; mean age, 63.0 years; age range, 35-87 years) prospectively underwent US and DECT between 2016 and 2018 to assess the MTP 1 joint. Two Syngovia postprocessing DECT protocols with different minimum attenuation thresholds of 150 HU (DECT 150 protocol) versus 120 HU (DECT 120 protocol) and the same maximum attenuation threshold (500 HU) and constant kilovoltage setting of tubes A and B at 80 and 140 kVp were evaluated. Interobserver variability of the two DECT protocols was calculated and compared with that of US. RESULTS. The postprocessing DECT 150 protocol was positive for tophus detection in 55 of 75 patients (73.3%) with podagra, whereas the postprocessing DECT 120 protocol detected MSU deposits in all 75 patients (100%). Tophus size assessed using the DECT 120 protocol showed an improved correlation with tophus size detected on US (p < 0.01). Interobserver variability of DECT was improved when using the DECT 120 protocol (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION. The postprocessing DECT 120 protocol enables improved visualization of MSU deposits and provides more accurate information about tophus size that better correlates with tophus size on US compared with the standard postprocessing DECT 150 protocol.
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PMID:Impact of Dual-Energy CT Postprocessing Protocol for the Detection of Gouty Arthritis and Quantification of Tophi in Patients Presenting With Podagra: Comparison With Ultrasound. 3155 56

During the early Byzantine period, the therapeutic herb "Colchicum autumnale", or "ermodaktylon" was introduced in the treatment of podagra (gout). Podagra presented throughout the Byzantine period a disease with high incidence, since 14 out of the total 86 Emperors seem to have suffered from it. The lead pipes of the city of Constantinople's sewer system, utensils, but also the production of the sweetening grape syrup sapa contributed to its appearance. Although Alexander of Tralles considered to be the physician who discovered the properties of the plant, Severus Iatrosophista, Theodosius the Philosopher and Jacobus Psychrestos, were the healers who introduced ermodaktylon as the pioneering treatment of podagra in the early Byzantine period.
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PMID:Severus Iatrosophista, Theodosius the Philosopher and Jacobus Psychrestos, introducing Colchicum as an innovative treatment for podagra in the early Byzantine period. 3218 66

We thank Huang and colleagues1 for their interest in our study on the changes in the presentation of incident gout and the risk of subsequent flare1 We reported changes over time in gout presentation with podagra becoming less frequent, whereas hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease were predictors of future flares2.
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PMID:Dr. Elfishawi, et al reply. 3306 Mar 8


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